30. Licences by owners of copyright.—The owner of the copyright in any existing work or the
prospective owner of the copyright in any future work may grant any interest in the right by licence in
3
[writing by him] or by his duly authorised agent:
Provided that in the case of a licence relating to copyright in any future work, the licence shall take
effect only when the work comes into existence.
Explanation.—Where a person to whom a licence relating to copyright in any future work is granted
under this section dies before the work comes into existence, his legal representatives shall, in the absence
of any provision to the contrary in the licence, be entitled to the benefit of the licence.
4
[30A. Application of 5
[section 19].—The provisions of sections 19 and 19A shall, with any
necessary adaptations and modifications, apply in relation to a licence under section 30 as they apply in
relation to assignment of copyright in a work.]
31. Compulsory licence in works withheld from public.—(1) If at any time during the term of
copyright in 6
[any work] which has been published or performed in public, a complaint is made to the
7
[Appellate Board] that the owner of copyright in the work—
(a) has refused to republish or allow the republication of the work or has refused to allow the
performance in public of the work, and by reason of such refusal the work is withheld from the
public; or
(b) has refused to allow communication to the public by 8
[broadcast] of such work or in the case
of a 9
[sound recording] the work recorded in such 9
[sound recording], on terms which the
complainant considers reasonable,
the 7
[Appellate Board], after giving to the owner of the copyright in the work a reasonable opportunity of
being heard and after holding such inquiry as it may deem necessary, may, if it is satisfied that the
grounds for such refusal are not reasonable, direct the Registrar of Copyrights to grant to the complainant
a licence to republish the work, perform the work in public or communicate the work to the public by
8
[broadcast], as the case may be, subject to payment to the owner of the copyright of such compensation
and subject to such other terms and conditions as the 7
[Appellate Board] may determine; and thereupon
the Registrar of Copyrights shall grant the 10[licence to such person or persons who, in the opinion of the
6
[Appellate Board], is or are qualified to do so] in accordance with the directions of the 7
[Appellate
Board], on payment of such fee as may be prescribed.
1. Subs. by Act 13 of 1992, s. 2, for “fifty years” (w.e.f. 28-10-1991).
2. Ins. by Act 23 of 1983, s. 11 (w.e.f. 9-8-1984).
3. Subs. by Act 27 of 2012, s. 14, for “writing signed by him” (w.e.f. 21-6-2012).
4. Ins. by Act 38 of 1994, s. 10 (w.e.f. 10-5-1995).
5. Subs. by Act 27 of 2012, s. 15, for “section 19 and 19A” (w.e.f. 21-6-2012).
6. Subs. by s. 16, ibid., for “any Indian work” (w.e.f. 21-6-2012).
7. Subs. by Act 7 of 2017, s.160, for “Copyright Board” (w.e.f. 26-5-2017).
8. Subs. by Act 23 of 1994, s. 2, for “radio-diffusion” (w.e.f. 9-8-1984).
9. Subs. by Act 38 of 1994, s. 2, for “record” (w.e.f. 10-5-1995).
10. Subs. by Act 27 of 2012, s. 16, for “licence to the complainant” (w.e.f. 21-6-2012).
18
1* * * * *.
2* * * * *.
3
[31A. Compulsory licence in unpublished 4
[or published works].—5
[(1) Where, in the case of any
unpublished work or any work published or communicated to the public and the work is withheld from
the public in India, the author is dead or unknown or cannot be traced, or the owner of the copyright in
such work cannot be found, any person may apply to the 6
[Appellate Board] for a licence to publish or
communicate to the public such work or a translation thereof in any language.]
(2) Before making an application under sub-section (1), the applicant shall publish his proposal in one
issue of a daily newspaper in the English language having circulation in the major part of the country and
where the application is for the publication of a translation in any language, also in one issue of any daily
newspaper in that language.
(3) Every such application shall be made in such form as may be prescribed and shall be accompanied
with a copy of the advertisement issued under sub-section (2) and such fee as may be prescribed.
(4) Where an application is made to the 6
[Appellate Board] under this section, it may after holding
such inquiry as may be prescribed, direct the Registrar of Copyrights to grant to the applicant a licence to
publish the work or a translation thereof in the language mentioned in the application subject to the
payment of such royalty and subject to such other terms and conditions as the 6
[Appellate Board] may
determine, and thereupon the Registrar of Copyrights shall grant the licence to the applicant in accordance
with the direction of the 6
[Appellate Board].
(5) Where a licence is granted under this section, the Registrar of Copyrights may, by order, direct the
applicant to deposit the amount of the royalty determined by the 6
[Appellate Board] in the public account
of India or in any other account specified by the 6
[Appellate Board] so as to enable the owner of the
copyright or, as the case may be, his heirs, executors or the legal representatives to claim such royalty at
any time.
(6) Without prejudice to the foregoing provisions of this section, in the case of a work referred to in
sub-section (1), if the original author is dead, the Central Government may, if it considers that the
publication of the work is desirable in the national interest, require the heirs, executors or legal
representatives of the author to publish such work within such period as may be specified by it.
(7) Where any work is not published within the period specified by the Central Government under
sub-section (6), the 6
[Appellate Board] may, on an application made by any person for permission to
publish the work and after hearing the parties concerned, permit such publication on payment of such
royalty as the 6
[Appellate Board] may, in the circumstances of such case, determine in the prescribed
manner.]
7
[31B. Compulsory licence for benefit of disabled.—(1) Any person working for the benefit of
persons with disability on a profit basis or for business may apply to the 6
[Appellate Board], in such form
and manner and accompanied by such fee as may be prescribed, for a compulsory licence to published
any work in which copyright subsists for the benefit of such persons, in a case to which clause (zb) of
sub-section (1) of section 52 does not apply and the 6
[Appellate Board] shall dispose of such application
within a period of two months from the receipt of the application.
(2) The 6
[Appellate Board] may, on receipt of an application under sub-section (1), inquire, or direct
such inquiry as it considers necessary to establish the credentials of the applicant and satisfy itself that
the application has been made in good faith.
1. The Explanation omitted by Act 27 of 2012, s. 16, (w.e.f. 21-6-2012).
2. Omitted by s. 16, ibid. (w.e.f. 21-6-2012).
3. Ins. by Act 23 of 1983, s. 12 (w.e.f. 9-8-1984).
4. Subs. by Act 27 of 2012, s. 17, for “Indian works” (w.e.f. 21-6-2012).
5. Subs. by s. 17, ibid., for sub-section (1) (w.e.f. 21-6-2012).
6. Subs. by Act 7 of 2017, s.160, for “Copyright Board” (w.e.f. 26-5-2017).
7. Ins. by Act 27 of 2012, s. 18 (w.e.f. 21-6-2012).
19
(3) If the Appellate Board is satisfied, after giving to the owners of rights in the work a reasonable
opportunity of being heard and after holding such inquiry as it may deem necessary, that a compulsory
licence needs to be issued to make the work available to the disabled, it may direct the Registrar of
Copyright to grant to the applicant such a licence to publish the work.
(4) Every compulsory licence issued under this section shall specify the means and format of
publication, the period during which the compulsory licence may be exercised and, in the case of issue of
copies, the number of copies that may be issued including the rate or royalty:
Provided that where the 1
[Appellate Board] issued such a compulsory licence it may, on a further
application and after giving reasonable opportunity to the owners of rights, extend the period of such
compulsory licence and allow the issue of more copies as it may deem fit.
31C. Statutory licence for cover versions.—(1) Any person desirous of making a cover version,
being a sound recording in respect of any literary, dramatic or musical work, where sound recordings of
that work have been made by or with the licence or consent of the owner of the right in the work, may do
so subject to the provisions of this section:
Provided that such sound recordings shall be in the same medium as the last recording, unless the
medium of the last recording is no longer in current commercial use.
(2) The person making the sound recordings shall give prior notice of his intention to make the sound
recordings in the manner as may be prescribed, and provide in advance copies of all covers or labels with
which the sound recordings are to be sold, and pay in advance, to the owner of rights in each work
royalties in respect of all copies to be made by him, at the rate fixed by the 1
[Appellate Board] in this
behalf:
Provided that such sound recordings shall not be sold or issued in any form of packaging or with any
cover or label which is likely to mislead or confuse the public as to their identity, and in particular shall
not contain the name or depict in any way any performer of an earlier sound recording of the same work
or any cinematograph film in which sound recording was incorporated and, further, shall state on the
cover that it is a cover version made under this section.
(3) The person making such sound recordings shall not make any alteration in the literary or musical
work which has not been made previously by or with the consent of the owner of rights, or which is not
technically necessary for the purpose of making the sound recordings:
Provided that such sound recordings shall not be made until the expiration of five calendar years after
the end of the year in which the first sound recordings of the work was made.
(4) One royalty in respect of such sound recordings shall be paid for a minimum of fifty thousand
copies of each work during each calendar year in which copies of it are made:
Provided that the 1
[Appellate Board] may, by general order, fix a lower minimum in respect of works
in a particular language or dialect having regard to the potential circulation of such works.
(5) The person making such sound recordings shall maintain such registers and books of account in
respect thereof, including full details of existing stock as may be prescribed and shall allow the owner of
rights or his duly authorised agent or representative to inspect all records and books of account relating to
such sound recording:
Provided that if on a complaint brought before the 1
[Appellate Board] to the effect that the owner of
rights has not been paid in full for any sound recordings purporting to be made in pursuance of this
section, the 1
[Appellate Board] is, prima facie, satisfied that the complaint is genuine, it may pass an
order ex parte directing the person making the sound recording to cease from making further copies and,
after holding such inquiry as it considers necessary, make such further order as it may deem fit, including
an order for payment of royalty.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this section “cover version” means a sound recording made in
accordance with this section.
1. Subs. by Act 7 of 2017, s.160, for “Copyright Board” (w.e.f. 26-5-2017).
20
31D. Statutory licence for broadcasting of literary and musical works and sound
recording.—(1) Any broadcasting organisation desirous of communicating to the public by way of a
broadcast or by way of performance of a literary or musical work and sound recording which has already
been published may do so subject to the provisions of this section.
(2) The broadcasting organisation shall give prior notice, in such manner as may be prescribed, of its
intention to broadcast the work stating the duration and territorial coverage of the broadcast, and shall pay
to the owner of rights in each work royalties in the manner and at the rate fixed by the 1
[Appellate Board].
(3) The rates of royalties for radio broadcasting shall be different from television broadcasting and the
1
[Appellate Board] shall fix separate rates for radio broadcasting and television broadcasting.
(4) In fixing the manner and the rate of royalty under sub-section (2), the 1
[Appellate Board] may
require the broadcasting organisation to pay an advance to the owners of rights.
(5) The names of the authors of the principal performers of the work shall, except in case of the
broadcasting organisation communicating such work by way of performance, be announced with the
broadcast.
(6) No fresh alteration to any literary or musical work, which is not technically necessary for the
purpose of broadcasting, other than shortening the work for convenience of broadcast, shall be made
without the consent of the owners of rights.
(7) The broadcasting organisation shall—
(a) maintain such records and books of account, and render to the owners of rights such reports
and accounts; and
(b) allow the owner of rights or his duly authorised agent or representative to inspect all records
and books of account relating to such broadcast,
in such manner as may be prescribed.
(8) Nothing in this section shall affect the operation of any licence issued or any agreement entered
into before the commencement of the Copyright (Amendment) Act, 2012.]
32. Licence to produce and publish translations.—(1) Any person may apply to the 1
[Appellate
Board] for a licence to produce and publish a translation of a literary or dramatic work in any
language 2
[after a period of seven years from the first publication of the work].
1
[(1A) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), any person may apply to the
1
[Appellate Board] for a licence to produce and publish a translation, in printed or analogous forms of
reproduction, of a literary or dramatic work, other than an Indian work, in any language in general use in
India after a period of three years from the first publication of such work, if such translation is required
for the purposes of teaching, scholarship or research:
Provided that where such translation is in a language not in general use in any developed country,
such application may be made after a period of one year from such publication.
(2) Every 3
[application under this section] shall be made in such form as may be prescribed and shall
state the proposed retail price of a copy of the translation of the work.
(3) Every applicant for a licence under this section shall, along with his application, deposit with the
Registrar of Copyrights such fee as may be prescribed.
(4) Where an application is made to the 1
[Appellate Board] under this section, it may, after holding
such inquiry as may be prescribed, grant to the applicant a licence, not being an exclusive licence, to
produce and publish a translation of the work in the language mentioned in 4
[the application—
1. Subs. by Act 7 of 2017, s.160, for “Copyright Board” (w.e.f. 26-5-2017).
2. Ins. by Act 23 of 1983, s. 13 (w.e.f. 9-8-1984).
3. Subs. by s. 13, ibid., for “such application” (w.e.f. 9-8-1984).
4. Subs. by Act 23 of 1983, s. 13, for certain words (w.e.f. 9-8-1984).
21
(i) subject to the condition that the applicant shall pay to the owner of the copyright in the work
royalties in respect of copies of the translation of the work sold to the public, calculated at such rate
as the 1
[Appellate Board] may, in the circumstances of each case, determine in the prescribed manner;
and
(ii) where such licence is granted on an application under sub-section (1A), subject also to the
condition that the licence shall not extend to the export of copies of the translation of the work outside
India and every copy of such translation shall contain a notice in the language of such translation that
the copy is available for distribution only in India:
Provided that nothing in clause (ii) shall apply to the export by Government or any authority under
the Government of copies of such translation in a language other than English, French or Spanish or to
any country if—
(1) such copies are sent to citizens of India residing outside India or to any association of such
citizens outside India; or
(2) such copies are meant to be used for purposes of teaching, scholarship or research and not for any
commercial purpose; and
(3) in either case, the permission for such export has been given by the Government of that country:]
2
[Provided further that no licence under this section] shall be granted, unless—
(a) a translation of the work in the language mentioned in the application has not been published
by the owner of the copyright in the work or any person authorised by him, 3
[within seven years or
three years or one year, as the case may be, of the first publication of the work], or if a translation has
been so published, it has been out of print;
(b) the applicant has proved to the satisfaction of the 1
[Appellate Board] that he had requested and
had been denied authorisation by the owner of the copyright to produce and publish such translation,
or that 4
[he was, after due diligence on his part, unable to find] the owner of the copyright;
(c) where the applicant was unable to find the owner of the copyright, he had sent a copy of his
request for 5
[such authorisation by registered air mail post to the publisher whose name appears from
the work, and in the case of an application for a licence under sub-section (1)], not less than two
months before 6
[such application];
7
[(cc) a period of six months in the case of an application under sub-section (1A) (not being an
application under the proviso thereto), or nine months in the case of an application under the proviso
to that sub-section, has elapsed from the date of making the request under clause (b) of this proviso or
where a copy of the request has been sent under clause (c) of this proviso, from the date of sending of
such copy, and the translation of the work in the language mentioned in the application has not been
published by the owner of the copyright in the work or any person authorised by him within the said
period of six months or nine months, as the case may be;
(ccc) in the case of any application made under sub-section (1A)—
(i) the name of the author and the title of the particular edition of the work proposed to be
translated are printed on all the copies of the translation;
(ii) if the work is composed mainly of illustrations, the provisions of section 32A are also
complied with;]
1. Subs. by Act 7 of 2017, s.160, for “Copyright Board” (w.e.f. 26-5-2017).
2. Subs. by Act 23 of 1983, s. 13, for “Provided that no such licence” (w.e.f. 9-8-1984).
3. Subs. by s. 13, ibid., for “within seven years of the first publication of the work” (w.e.f. 9-8-1984).
4. Subs. by s. 13, ibid., for “he was unable to find” (w.e.f. 9-8-1984).
5. Subs. by s. 13, ibid., for “such authorisation to the publisher whose name appears from the work” (w.e.f. 9-8-1984).
6. Subs. by s. 13, ibid., for “the application for the licence” (w.e.f. 9-8-1984).
7. Ins. by s. 13, ibid. (w.e.f. 9-8-1984).
22
(d) the 1
[Appellate Board] is satisfied that the applicant is competent to produce and publish a
correct translation of the work and possesses the means to pay to the owner of the copyright the
royalties payable to him under this section;
(e) the author has not withdrawn from circulation copies of the work; and
(f) an opportunity of being heard is given, wherever practicable, to the owner of the copyright in
the work.
2
[(5) Any broadcasting authority may apply to the 1
[Appellate Board] for a licence to produce and
publish the translation of—
(a) a work referred to in sub-section (1A) and published in printed or analogous forms of
reproduction; or
(b) any text incorporated in audio-visual fixations prepared and published solely for the purpose
of systematic instructional activities,
for broadcasting such translation for the purposes of teaching or for the dissemination of the results of
specialised, technical or scientific research to the experts in any particular field.
(6) The provisions of sub-sections (2) to (4) in so far as they are relatable to an application under
sub-section (1A), shall, with the necessary modifications, apply to the grant of a licence under
sub-section (5) and such licence shall not also be granted unless—
(a) the translation is made from a work lawfully acquired;
(b) the broadcast is made through the medium of sound and visual recordings;
(c) such recording has been lawfully and exclusively made for the purpose of broadcasting in
India by the applicant or by other broadcasting agency; and
(d) the translation and the broadcasting of such translation are not used for any commercial
purposes.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this section,—
(a) “developed country” means a country which is not a developing country;
(b) “developing country” means a country which is for the time being regarded as such in
conformity with the practice of the General Assembly of the United Nations;
(c) “purposes of research” does not include purposes of industrial research, or purposes of
research by bodies corporate (not being bodies corporate owned or controlled by Government) or
other association or body of persons for commercial purposes;
(d) “purposes of teaching, research or scholarship” includes—
(i) purposes of instructional activity at all levels in educational, institutions, including
Schools, Colleges, Universities and tutorial institutions; and
(ii) purposes of all other types of organised educational activity.]
3
[32A. Licence to reproduce and publish works for certain purposes.—(1) Where, after the
expiration of the relevant period from the date of the first publication of an edition of a literary, scientific
or artistic work,—
(a) the copies of such edition are not made available in India; or
(b) such copies have not been put on sale in India for a period of six months,
to the public, or in connection with systematic instructional activities at a price reasonably related to that
normally charged in India for comparable works by the owner of the right of reproduction or by any
1. Subs. by Act 7 of 2017, s.160, for “Copyright Board” (w.e.f. 26-5-2017).
2. Ins. by Act 23 of 1983, s. 13 (w.e.f. 9-8-1984).
3. Ins. by s. 14, ibid. (w.e.f. 9-8-1984).
23
person authorised by him in this behalf, any person may apply to the 1
[Appellate Board] for a licence to
reproduce and publish such work in printed or analogous forms of reproduction at the price at which such
edition is sold or at a lower price for the purposes of systematic instructional activities.
(2) Every such application shall be made in such form as may be prescribed and shall state the
proposed retail price of a copy of the work to be reproduced.
(3) Every applicant for a licence under this section shall, along with his application, deposit with the
Registrar of Copyrights such fee as may be prescribed.
(4) Where an application is made to the 1
[Appellate Board] under this section, it may, after holding
such inquiry as may be prescribed, grant to the applicant a licence, not being an exclusive licence, to
produce and publish a reproduction of the work mentioned in the application subject to the conditions
that,—
(i) the applicant shall pay to the owner of the copyright in the work royalties in respect of copies
of the reproduction of the work sold to the public, calculated at such rate as the 1
[Appellate Board]
may, in the circumstances of each case, determine in the prescribed manner;
(ii) a licence granted under this section shall not extend to the export of copies of the reproduction
of the work outside India and every copy of such reproduction shall contain a notice that the copy is
available for distribution only in India:
Provided that no such licence shall be granted unless—
(a) the applicant has proved to the satisfaction of the 1
[Appellate Board] that he had requested
and had been denied authorisation by the owner of the copyright in the work to reproduce and
publish such work or that he was, after due diligence on his part, unable to find such owner;
(b) where the applicant was unable to find the owner of the copyright, he had sent a copy of
his request for such authorisation by registered air-mail post to the publisher whose name appears
from the work not less than three months before the application for the licence;
(c) the 1
[Appellate Board] is satisfied that the applicant is competent to reproduce and publish
an accurate reproduction of the work and possesses the means to pay the owner of the copyright
the royalties payable to him under this section;
(d) the applicant undertakes to reproduce and publish the work at such price as may be fixed
by the 1
[Appellate Board], being a price reasonably related to the price normally charged in India
for works of the same standard on the same or similar subjects;
(e) a period of six months in the case of an application for the reproduction and publication of
any work of natural science, physical science, mathematics or technology, or a period of three
months in the case of an application for the reproduction and publication of any other work, has
elapsed from the date of making the request under clause (a), or where a copy of the request has
been sent under clause (b), from the date of sending of a copy, and a reproduction of the work has
not been published by the owner of the copyright in the work or any person authorised by him
within the said period of six months or, three months, as the case may be;
(f) the name of the author and the title of the particular edition of the work proposed to be
reproduced are printed on all the copies of the reproduction;
(g) the author has not withdrawn from circulation copies of the work; and
(h) an opportunity of being heard is given, wherever practicable, to the owner of the
copyright in the work.
(5) No licence to reproduce and publish the translation of a work shall be granted under this section
unless such translation has been published by the owner of the right of translation or any person
authorised by him and the translation is not in a language in general use in India.
1. Subs. by Act 7 of 2017, s.160, for “Copyright Board” (w.e.f. 26-5-2017).
24
(6) The provisions of this section shall also apply to the reproduction and publication, or translation
into a language in general use in India, of any text incorporated in audio-visual fixations prepared and
published solely for the purpose of systematic instructional activities.
Explanation.—For the purpose of this section, “relevant period”, in relation to any work,
means a period of—
(a) seven years from the date of the first publication of that work, where the application is
for the reproduction and publication of any work of, or relating to, fiction, poetry, drama,
music or art;
(b) three years from the date of the first publication of that work, where the application is
for the reproduction and publication of any work of, or relating to, natural science, physical
science, mathematics or technology; and
(c) five years from the date of the first publication of that work, in any other case.
32B. Termination of licences issued under this Chapter.—(1) If, at any time after the granting of a
licence to produce and publish the translation of a work in any language under sub-section (1A) of
section 32 (hereafter in this sub-section referred to as the licensed work), the owner of the copyright in the
work or any person authorised by him publishes a translation of such work in the same language and
which is substantially the same in content at a price reasonably related to the price normally charged in
India for the translation of works of the same standard on the same or similar subject, the licence so
granted shall be terminated:
Provided that no such termination shall take effect until after the expiry of a period of three months
from the date of service of a notice in the prescribed manner on the person holding such licence by the
owner of the right of translation intimating the publication of the translation as aforesaid:
Provided further that copies of the licensed work produced and published by the person holding such
licence before the termination of the licence takes effect may continue to be sold or distributed until the
copies already produced and published are exhausted.
(2) If, at any time after the granting of a licence to produce and publish the reproduction or translation
of any work under section 32A, the owner of the right of reproduction or any person authorised by him
sells or distributes copies of such work or a translation thereof, as the case may be, in the same language
and which is substantially the same in content at a price reasonably related to the price normally charged
in India for works of the same standard on the same or similar subject, the licence so granted shall be
terminated:
Provided that no such termination shall take effect until after the expiry of a period of three months
from the date of service of a notice in the prescribed manner on the person holding the licence by the
owner of the right of reproduction intimating the sale or distribution of the copies of the editions of work
as aforesaid:
Provided further that any copies already reproduced by the licensee before such termination takes
effect may continue to be sold or distributed until the copies already produced are exhausted.]