85. Power to apply the act to certain premises.—(1) The State Government may, by notification in
the Official Gazette, declare that all or any of the provisions of this Act shall apply to any place wherein a
manufacturing process is carried on with or without the aid of power or is so ordinarily carried on,
notwithstanding that—
(i) the number of persons employed therein is less than ten, if working with the aid of power and
less than twenty if working without the aid of power, or
(ii) the persons working therein are not employed by the owner thereof but are working with the
permission of, or under agreement with, such owner:
Provided that the manufacturing process is not being carried on by the owner only with the aid of his
family.
(2) After a place is so declared, it shall be deemed to be a factory for the purposes of this Act, and the
owner shall be deemed to be the occupier, and any person working therein, a worker.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this section, “owner” shall include a lessee or mortgage with
possession of the premises.
STATE AMENDMENTS
Maharashtra
Amendment of section 85 of 63 of 1948.—In section 85 of the principal Act, in sub-section (1), in
clause (i),—
(a) after the words “less than ten” the words “or such number of workers as may be specified by
the State Government under sub-clause (i) of clause (m) of section 2” shall be inserted;
(b) after the words “less than twenty” the words “or such number of workers as may be specified
by the State Government under sub-clause (ii) of clause (m) of section 2,” shall be inserted.
[Vide Maharashtra Act 40 of 2015, s. 6]
Arunachal Pradesh
Amendment of section 85.—In section 85 of the principal Act, in sub-section (1), in clause (i), for
the words “ten” and “twenty”, the words “twenty” and “forty” shall be respectively substituted.
[Vide Arunachal Pradesh Act 6 of 2020, s. 4]
Rajasthan
Amendment of section 85, Central Act No. 63 of 1948.- In clause (i) of sub-section (1) of
section 85 of the principal Act, for the existing words "ten" and "twenty", the words "twenty"
and "forty" shall be substituted respectively.
[Vide Rajasthan Act 20 of 2014, s. 3]
86. Power to exempt public institutions.—The State Government may exempt, subject to such
conditions as it may consider necessary, any workshop or workplace where a manufacturing process is
carried on and which is attached to a public institution maintained for the purposes of
education,2
[training, research] or reformation, from all or any of the provisions of this Act:
Provided that no exemption shall be granted from the provisions relating to hours of work and
holidays, unless the persons having the control of the institution submit, for the approval of the State
Government, a scheme for the regulation of the hours of employment, intervals for meals, and holidays of
the persons employed in or attending the institution or who are inmates of the institution, and the State
Government is satisfied that the provisions of the scheme are not less favourable than the corresponding
provisions of this Act.
1. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 34 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
2. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976 s. 35, for “training” (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
45
87. Dangerous operations.—Where the State Government is of opinion that any 1
[manufacturing
process or operation] carried on in a factory exposes any persons employed in it to a serious risk of bodily
injury, poisoning or disease, it may make rules applicable to any factory or class or description of
factories in which the 1
[manufacturing process or operation] is carried on—
(a) specifying the 1
[manufacturing process or operation] and declaring it to be dangerous;
(b) prohibiting or restricting the employment of women, adolescents or children in
the 1
[manufacturing process or operation];
(c) providing for the periodical medical examination of persons employed, or seeking to be
employed, in the 1
[manufacturing process or operation], and prohibiting the employment or persons
not certified as fit for such employment 2
[and requiring the payment by the occupier of the factory of
fees for such medical examination];
(d) providing for the protection of all persons employed in the1
[manufacturing process or
operation] or in the vicinity of the places where it is carried on;
(e) prohibiting, restricting or controlling the use of any specified materials or processes in
connection with the 1
[manufacturing process or operation];
2
[(f) requiring the provision of additional welfare amenities and sanitary facilities and the supply
of protective equipment and clothing, and laying down the standards thereof, having regard to the
dangerous nature of the manufacturing process or operation.
3*** * *
4
[87A. Power to prohibit employment on account of serious hazard.—(1) Where it appears to the
Inspector that conditions in a factory or part thereof are such that they may cause serious hazard by way
of injury or death to the persons employed therein or to the general public in the vicinity, he may, by
order in writing to the occupier of the factory, state the particulars in respect of which he considers the
factory or part thereof to be the cause of such serious hazard and prohibit such occupier from employing
any person in the factory or any part thereof other than the minimum number of persons necessary to
attend to the minimum tasks till the hazard is removed.
(2) Any order issued by the Inspector under sub-section (1) shall have effect for a period of three days
until extended by the Chief Inspector by a subsequent order.
(3) Any person aggrieved by an order of the Inspector under sub-section (1), and the Chief Inspector
under sub-section (2), shall have the right to appeal to the High Court.
(4) Any person whose employment has been affected by an order issued under sub-section (1), shall
be entitled to wages and other benefits and it shall be the duty of the occupier to provide alternative
employment to him wherever possible and in the manner prescribed.
(5) The provisions of sub-section (4) shall be without prejudice to the rights of the parties under the
Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (14 of 1947).]
88. Notice of certain accidents.—5
[(1)] Where in any factory an accident occurs which causes death,
or which causes any bodily injury by reason of which the person injured is prevented from working for a
period of forty-eight hours or more immediately following the accident, or which is of such nature as may
be prescribed in this behalf, the manager of the factory shall send notice thereof to such authorities, and in
such form and within such time, as may be prescribed.
6
[(2) Where a notice given under sub-section (1) relates to an accident causing death, the authority to
whom the notice is sent shall make an inquiry into the occurrence within one month of the receipt of the
1. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976s. 36, ibid., for “operation” (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
2. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 36 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
3. Omitted by Act of 20 of 1987, s. 25 (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
4. Ins. by s. 26, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
5. Section 88 re-numbered as sub-section (1) thereof by Act 94 of 1976, s. 37 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
6. Ins. by s. 37, ibid. (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
46
notice or, if such authority is not the Inspector, cause the Inspector to make an inquiry within the said
period.
(3) The State Government may make rules for regulating the procedure at inquiries under this
section.]
1
[88A. Notice of certain dangerous occurrences.—Where in a factory any dangerous occurrence of
such nature as may be prescribed occurs, whether causing any bodily injury or disability or not, the
manager of the factory shall send notice thereof to such authorities, and in such form and within such
lime, as may be prescribed.]
89. Notice of certain diseases.—(1) Where any worker in a factory contracts any disease specified
in2
[the Third Schedule], the manager of the factory shall send notice thereof to such authorities, and in
such form and within such time, as may be prescribed.
(2) If any medical practitioner attends on a person who is or has been employed in a factory, and who
is, or is believed by the medical practitioner to be, suffering from any disease specified in2
[the Third
Schedule], the medical practitioner shall without delay send a report in writing to the office of the Chief
Inspector stating—
(a) the name and full postal address of the patient,
(b) the disease from which he believes the patient to be suffering, and
(c) the name and address of the factory in which the patient is, or was last, employed.
(3) Where the report under sub-section (2) is confirmed to the satisfaction of the Chief Inspector, by
the certificate of a certifying surgeon or otherwise, that the person is suffering from a disease specified
in2
[the Third Schedule], he shall pay to the medical practitioner such fee as may be prescribed, and the fee
so paid shall be recoverable as an arrear of land-revenue from the occupier of the factory in which the
person contracted the disease.
(4) If any medical practitioner fails to comply with the provisions of sub-section (2), he shall be
punishable with fine which may extend to3
[one thousand rupees].
4
[(5) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, add to or alter the Third
Schedule and any such addition or alteration shall have effect as if it had been made by this Act.]
90. Power to direct enquiry into cases of accident or disease.—(1) The State Government may, if it
considers it expedient so to do, appoint a competent person to inquire into the causes of any accident
occurring in a factory or into any case where a disease specified in 5
[the Third Schedule] has been, or is
suspected to have been contracted in a factory, and may also appoint one or more persons possessing legal
or special knowledge to act as assessors in such inquiry.
(2) The person appointed to hold an inquiry under this section shall have all the powers of a Civil
Court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908), for the purposes of enforcing the attendance
of witnesses and compelling the production of documents and material objects, and may also, so far as
may be necessary for the purposes of the inquiry, exercise any of the powers of an Inspector under this
Act; and every person required by the person making the inquiry to furnish any information shall be
deemed to be legally bound so to do within the meaning of section 176 of the Indian Penal Code
(45 of 1860).
(3) The person holding an inquiry under this section shall make a report to the State Government
stating the causes of the accident, or as the case may be, disease, and any attendant circumstances, and
addition any observations which he or any of the assessors may think fit to make.
(4) The State Government may, if it thinks fit, cause to be published any report made under this
section or any extracts therefrom.
(5) The State Government may make rules for regulating the procedure at inquiries under this section.
1. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 38 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
2. Subs. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 27, for “the Schedule” (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
3. Subs. by s. 27, ibid., for “fifty rupees” (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
4. Added by s. 27, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
5. Subs. by s. 28, ibid., for “the Schedule” (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
47
91. Power to take samples.—(1) An Inspector may at any time during the normal working hours of a
factory, after informing the occupier or manager of the factory or other person for the time being
purporting to be in charge of the factory, take in the manner hereinafter provided a sufficient sample of
any substances used or intended to be used in the factory, such use being—
(a) in the belief of the Inspector in contravention of any of the provisions of this Act or the rules
made thereunder, or
(b) in the opinion of the Inspector likely to cause bodily injury to, or injury to the health of,
workers in the factory.
(2) Where the Inspector takes a sample under sub-section (1), he shall, in the presence of the person
informed under that sub-section unless such person willfully absents himself, divide the sample into three
portions and effectively seal and suitably mark them, and shall permit such person to add his own seal and
mark thereto.
(3) The person informed as aforesaid shall, if the Inspector so requires, provide the appliances for
dividing, sealing and marking the sample taken under this section.
(4) The Inspector shall—
(a) forthwith give one portion of the sample to the person informed under sub-section (1);
(b) forthwith send the second portion to a Government Analyst for analysis and report thereon;
(c) retain the third portion for production to the Court before which proceedings, if any, are
instituted in respect of the substance.
(5) Any document purporting to be a report under the hand of any Government Analyst upon any
substance submitted to him for analysis and report under this section, may be used as evidence in any
proceedings instituted in respect of the substance.
1
[91A. Safety and occupational health surveys.—(1) The Chief Inspector, or the Director General
of Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes, or the Director General of Health Services , to the
Government of India, or such other officer as may be authorised in this behalf by the State Government or
the Chief Inspector or the Director General of Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes or the
Director General of Health Services may, at any time during the normal working hours of a factory, or at
any other time as is found by him to be necessary, after giving notice in writing to the occupier or
manager of the factory or any other person who for the time being purports to be in charge of the factory,
undertake safety and occupational health surveys, and such occupier or manager or other person shall
afford all facilities for such every, including facilities for the examination and testing of plant and
machinery and collection of samples and other data relevant to the survey.
(2) For the purpose of facilitating surveys under sub-section (1) every worker shall, if so required by
the person conducting the survey, present himself to undergo such medical examination as may be
considered necessary by such person and furnish all information in his possession and relevant to the
survey.
(3) Any time spent by a worker for undergoing medical examination or furnishing information under
sub-section (2) shall, for the purpose of calculating wages and extra wages for overtime work, be deemed
to be time during which such worker worked in the factory.]
2
[Explanation.—For the purposes of this section, the report, if any, submitted to the State
Government by the person conducting the survey under sub-section (1) shall be deemed to be a report
submitted by an Inspector under this Act.]