Employment Law Glossary under Employment Law
Employment Law Glossary
1. At-Will Employment
A type of employment where either the employer or employee can terminate the employment relationship at any time, for any reason, without prior notice (except illegal reasons).
2. Collective Bargaining
The process of negotiation between employers and a group of employees (usually represented by a union) to determine terms of employment such as wages, hours, and working conditions.
3. Discrimination
Unfair treatment of an employee or job applicant based on protected characteristics such as race, gender, age, religion, disability, or sexual orientation.
4. EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission)
A U.S. federal agency that enforces laws against workplace discrimination.
5. Employment Contract
A legally binding agreement between an employer and an employee outlining terms of employment, duties, salary, and conditions.
6. FMLA (Family and Medical Leave Act)
U.S. law that entitles eligible employees to take unpaid, job-protected leave for family and medical reasons.
7. Harassment
Unwelcome conduct based on protected characteristics that creates a hostile, intimidating, or offensive work environment.
8. Independent Contractor
A worker who provides services to a business but is not an employee, typically controlling how and when work is done.
9. Non-Compete Agreement
A contract restricting an employee from working for competitors or starting a competing business for a certain period after leaving a company.
10. Overtime
Pay received for hours worked beyond the standard workweek (usually over 40 hours), often at a higher pay rate.
11. Retaliation
Punishing an employee for asserting their rights under employment laws (e.g., filing a discrimination complaint).
12. Sexual Harassment
Unwelcome sexual advances or conduct affecting employment conditions or creating a hostile work environment.
13. Termination
The end of an employee’s job, whether voluntary (resignation) or involuntary (firing or layoff).
14. Unemployment Insurance
Government-provided benefits to workers who lose their jobs through no fault of their own.
15. Whistleblower
An employee who reports illegal or unethical practices within an organization and is protected from retaliation.
16. Workplace Accommodation
Adjustments or modifications provided by employers to enable employees with disabilities or religious needs to perform their jobs.
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