Interpretation of Statutes at Chile
Interpretation of Statutes in Chile
1. Legal System Overview
Chile follows a civil law system, largely influenced by the Spanish and Roman-Germanic legal traditions. Statutory interpretation in Chile is codified and guided by judicial practice, scholarly doctrine, and constitutional principles.
2. Key Legal Frameworks
Constitution of Chile (1980, amended) – The supreme law of the land guiding interpretation to ensure compliance with constitutional rights and principles.
Civil Code of Chile – Fundamental for private law statutes and interpretation rules.
Code of Civil Procedure – Regulates judicial interpretation and application.
Law on General Principles of Legislation (Ley de Principios Generales de la Legislación) – Provides interpretative guidelines.
3. Principles of Statutory Interpretation
Chilean courts apply several recognized principles:
a. Literal Interpretation (Interpretación gramatical)
Priority is given to the clear and ordinary meaning of the statutory text.
Words are understood in their natural and grammatical sense.
b. Systematic Interpretation
The statute is interpreted within the broader legal system to avoid contradictions.
Ensures harmony among legal provisions.
c. Teleological or Purposive Interpretation
Focus on the purpose and intent of the legislature.
Used when literal interpretation leads to ambiguity or absurdity.
d. Historical Interpretation
Examination of legislative history, debates, and preparatory works to clarify legislative intent.
e. Logical Interpretation
Application of reasoning and legal logic to resolve ambiguities.
4. Judicial Role and Precedent
Chilean courts, especially the Supreme Court, provide authoritative interpretations.
While not strictly following common law precedent, past rulings have persuasive value.
Constitutional Court ensures statutes comply with constitutional norms and interprets relevant provisions.
5. Special Interpretive Doctrines
Restrictive interpretation of penal laws to protect individual liberties.
Interpretation in favor of the taxpayer in ambiguous tax statutes.
Pro homine principle: interpretation favoring human rights and fundamental freedoms.
Summary
Chile’s statutory interpretation balances literal text, legislative intent, and systemic coherence under the overarching authority of the Constitution. Courts use a range of interpretive tools, with emphasis on purposive reading to effectuate legislative goals and safeguard constitutional rights.
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