IPC Section 2
Section 2 of the Indian Penal Code: Punishment of offences committed within India
Text of Section 2 IPC
"Every person shall be liable to punishment under this Code for every act or omission contrary to the provisions thereof, of which he shall be guilty within India."
Detailed Explanation
Scope of Application:
Section 2 states that any person who commits an offence defined by the IPC within the territory of India is liable to be punished according to the provisions of the IPC.
Who is Liable:
It says "every person," meaning anyone who commits an offence in India — whether a citizen or a foreigner — can be punished under the IPC.
What Acts/Omissions are Punishable:
Both acts (doing something illegal) and omissions (failing to do something which the law requires) can attract punishment if they are against the law stated in the IPC.
Territorial Jurisdiction:
The key point here is that the offence must be committed within the territory of India for IPC to apply under this section.
Importance of Section 2
This section lays down the principle of territorial jurisdiction of the IPC.
It establishes that the IPC applies primarily to offences committed inside India.
It does not address offences committed outside India, or those partially committed abroad, which are covered under later sections (like Sections 3 and 4 IPC).
Example
If a person commits theft inside India, he can be punished under IPC because Section 2 says offences committed within India are punishable.
However, if the offence is committed outside India, Section 2 will not apply, but other sections may apply depending on the circumstances.
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