Judgment Reviews Law at Albania
In Albania, the legal framework for reviewing judicial decisions is structured across multiple levels of the judiciary, each with specific roles in ensuring the uniform application of law and the protection of constitutional rights.
⚖️ Judicial Structure and Review Mechanisms
1. Constitutional Court
The Constitutional Court of Albania is tasked with reviewing the constitutionality of laws, international agreements, and acts of public authorities. It also addresses complaints from individuals regarding violations of constitutional rights, provided all other legal avenues have been exhausted
2. Supreme Court
As the highest court of Albania, the Supreme Court reviews decisions from lower courts to ensure uniformity in the application of law. It operates through specialized colleges (Civil, Penal, Administrative) and may convene an en banc session to unify judicial practice on significant legal issues
3. Administrative Courts
Established in 2012, Albania's Administrative Courts handle disputes involving public administration. The system includes first-instance courts, a Court of Appeals, and an Administrative Chamber within the Supreme Court, providing a structured process for challenging administrative decisions
4. Special Appellate College (KPA)
Formed in 2017, the KPA oversees the transitional reassessment (vetting) of judges and prosecutors. It reviews appeals against decisions made by the Independent Qualification Commission and has disciplinary authority over high-ranking judicial and prosecutorial officials
📜 Legal Framework
Constitution of Albania (1998, revised 2016):Establishes the judiciary's independence and outlines the procedures for judicial review and the enforcement of decisions
Law No. 8436/1998:Regulates the organization and functioning of the judicial power in Albania, detailing the structure and responsibilities of courts
Vetting Law (Law No. 84/2016): Introduces a transitional re-evaluation process for judges and prosecutors, assessing their wealth, professional competence, and personal integrity
🧭 Summary
Albania's judicial review system is designed to ensure the consistent application of law and the protection of constitutional right. Through a multi-tiered court structure, including the Constitutional Court, Supreme Court, Administrative Courts, and the Special Appellate College, individuals have avenues to challenge judicial decision. The legal framework, underpinned by the Constitution and specific laws like Law No. 8436/1998 and the Vetting Law, provides a comprehensive system for judicial oversight and accountabilit.
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