Jurisprudence Law at Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan's legal system is a civil law system influenced by Soviet legal traditions and Islamic law principles. The Constitution of Turkmenistan, adopted in 2008 and amended in 2016, serves as the supreme legal document, establishing the framework for the judiciary and legal processes.(GlobaLex, Constitute Project)
Legal Hierarchy
The legal hierarchy in Turkmenistan is as follows:
Constitution of Turkmenistan
Constitutional Laws
Codes and Ordinary Laws
Decrees and Acts of the President
Resolutions of the Mejlis (Parliament)
Resolutions and Orders of the Cabinet of Ministers
Normative Acts of State Bodies
Resolutions of Local Authorities
This hierarchy underscores the centralized nature of Turkmenistan's legal system, with significant authority vested in the executive branch .
Judicial Structure
The judiciary in Turkmenistan comprises several levels of courts:
Supreme Court
High Commercial Court
Ashgabat City Court
Regional and Local Courts
Military Courts
Judicial power is intended to protect citizens' rights and freedoms, as well as state and public interests. However, in practice, the judiciary lacks independence. Judges are appointed and can be dismissed by the President, and their decisions are subject to executive influence .
Legal Reforms
In recent years, Turkmenistan has undertaken efforts to modernize its legal system. The establishment of the State Commission for Improving the Legislation of Turkmenistan in 2007 aimed to strengthen the rule of law and align national legislation with international norms . Additionally, the adoption of the Law on Legal Acts in 2017 sought to standardize the legislative process and enhance legal culture .
Legal Resources
Many national laws of Turkmenistan are published online through the Ministry of Justice's website, providing access to legal texts and facilitating transparency in the legal framework .
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