Section 10 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023
Section 10 - Meaning and Explanation:
Context:
Jab kisi vyakti par kai alag-alag jurm (offences) ke ilzaam lagte hain, lekin court ko yeh pata nahi chal pata ki inme se kaunsa exact jurm hua hai, toh Section 10 apply hota hai.
Key Points:
Uncertainty in Offence:
Jab court ko yeh pakka pata na ho ki kaunsa offence commit hua hai, matlab multiple offences lagaye gaye hain lekin exact offence prove nahi hua.
Punishment ka Selection:
Aise case mein accused ko us offence ke liye saja di jayegi jiska dand sabse kam hai. Matlab agar offences ke punishment alag-alag hain, toh sabse halki saza di jayegi.
Equality in Punishment:
Agar sabhi offences ki saja barabar ho, toh fir court wo decide karega jo appropriate lage.
Maksad / Purpose:
Fairness (Nyay): Yeh section accused ko extra ya zyada sakht saza se bachata hai jab case mein clarity nahi hoti.
Principle of Lenity: Kanoon mein yeh ek principle hai jisme doubt hone par accused ko benefit milta hai, yani sabse halki saza milni chahiye.
Avoiding Wrongful Punishment: Agar court kisi jurm ka exact nature confirm nahi kar pata, toh yeh section ensure karta hai ki accused ko unjustly zyada saza na mile.
Example Samajhne ke liye:
Maan lijiye kisi vyakti par do jurm lagaye gaye hain:
Jurm A ka dand hai 3 saal ki saza
Jurm B ka dand hai 1 saal ki saza
Agar court ko nahi pata ki usne Jurm A kiya ya Jurm B, toh us vyakti ko 1 saal ki saza di jayegi, jo ki kam hai.
Comparison with IPC:
Section 10 of BNS, 2023, Indian Penal Code (IPC) ke Section 72 ke barabar hai, jo bhi isi tarah ke cases mein apply hota tha.
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