Artificial Intelligence law at East Timor
As of May 2025, East Timor (Timor-Leste) does not have a dedicated national law specifically governing Artificial Intelligence (AI). However, the country is actively engaging in initiatives to assess and prepare for the ethical and responsible development of AI technologies.
🇹🇱 National AI Policy Development
Timor-Leste is participating in UNESCO's implementation of the AI Readiness Assessment Methodology (RAM), a diagnostic tool designed to assist governments in ensuring that AI is developed and deployed ethically. This methodology evaluates a country's legal, social, cultural, scientific, educational, technical, and infrastructural capacities to implement AI responsibly. The outcome of this assessment will inform the creation of a comprehensive national AI strategy, aligning with UNESCO's Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence .(UNESCO)
In May 2024, UNESCO posted a call for proposals for a lead expert to oversee the implementation of RAM in Timor-Leste, including conducting research and leading multi-stakeholder consultations. The resulting policy-oriented country report aims to provide an evidence-based framework for the ethical governance of AI, identifying short- and long-term priorities .(UN Talent, Timor.Work)
⚖️ Legal and Regulatory Landscape
Currently, Timor-Leste lacks specific legislation addressing AI. However, there are existing legal frameworks that intersect with AI-related issues:
Data Protection: The Constitution of Timor-Leste includes provisions for the protection of personal data and privacy. However, there is a recognized need for more comprehensive data protection laws to safeguard individuals' privacy rights, especially in the context of increasing internet usage and digital services .(Asia Centre)
Cybersecurity: Draft laws such as the Cybercrime Bill have been proposed, aiming to address issues related to online content and data security. These proposals have raised concerns among civil society groups about potential threats to freedom of expression and press freedom .(Asia Centre, Civicus Monitor)
🌐 Regional and International Engagement
Timor-Leste is also involved in regional efforts to develop AI governance frameworks. The country is participating in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Guide on AI Governance and Ethics, which provides policy recommendations for AI development and deployment in the region. This guide emphasizes a balanced approach to AI regulation, considering cultural differences and aiming to promote innovation while addressing ethical concerns .(DPA, The Times of India)
🔭 Future Outlook
While Timor-Leste does not yet have a specific AI law, the ongoing initiatives indicate a proactive approach to preparing for the ethical and responsible development of AI technologies. The outcomes of the AI Readiness Assessment and the development of a national AI strategy will be crucial in shaping the country's future legal and regulatory landscape concerning AI.(Timor.Work)
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