Artificial Intelligence law at Turkmenistan
As of May 2025, Turkmenistan does not have a comprehensive national law or regulatory framework specifically addressing artificial intelligence (AI). While the country is actively exploring AI applications in sectors like education and digital governance, it has yet to establish formal legislation or policies governing AI development and deployment.
Current Developments in AI in Turkmenistan
Education Sector Initiatives: In December 2024, Turkmenistan hosted a scientific and practical conference titled Artificial Intelligence in the Education System of Turkmenistan. Organized by the Ministry of Education in collaboration with the UNESCO Institute for Information Technologies in Education, the event focused on integrating AI into education. Discussions included developing education management information systems, enhancing teachers' digital literacy, and adapting AI technologies to Turkmenistan's specific conditions. A draft strategy for AI development in education was also presented, highlighting the country's commitment to leveraging AI for educational advancement. (Orient, The Times Of Central Asia)
Digital Competence Building: The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has been working with Turkmenistan to enhance digital competencies, aiming to empower the country for a more connected and technologically advanced future. These initiatives are part of broader efforts to prepare the workforce for digital transformation, which may include AI-related skills. (UNDP)
International Engagement: Turkmenistan has engaged in international dialogues concerning AI's impact on freedom of expression. In July 2024, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) organized a seminar in Ashgabat to discuss AI's implications on media freedom. The seminar emphasized the importance of aligning AI strategies with human rights standards, transparency, and accountability. (OSCE)
Responsible AI Index Rating
According to the Global Index on Responsible AI in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, Turkmenistan received the lowest rating in the region. The index identified a lack of government frameworks related to responsible AI use, with minimal initiatives from the non-governmental sector. Turkmenistan scored 1.98 out of 100, ranking 111th out of 138 countries assessed. This indicates significant gaps in AI governance and policy development. (https://idfi.ge/ge)
Data Protection Legislation
Turkmenistan's primary legal instrument concerning data protection is the Law No. 519-V "On Information about Private Life and its Protection," enacted in 2017. This law governs the collection and processing of personal data, including biometric information. It requires that data operators obtain consent from individuals for data collection and processing, with certain exceptions for purposes like healthcare and law enforcement. However, the law does not provide specific provisions related to AI technologies or their impact on data privacy. (DLA Piper Data Protection)
Conclusion
While Turkmenistan is exploring the integration of AI into various sectors, particularly education, it currently lacks a comprehensive legal and regulatory framework for AI. The absence of formal AI legislation and policies indicates a need for development in this area to ensure responsible and ethical AI deployment. Stakeholders interested in AI initiatives in Turkmenistan should be aware of the evolving landscape and the importance of aligning with international standards and best practices as the country progresses in this field.(The Times Of Central Asia)
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