Medico Legal at Argentina
Argentina's medico-legal system integrates medical expertise into the judicial process, encompassing forensic medicine, legal responsibilities of healthcare professionals, and the regulation of medico-legal practices.
Forensic Medicine in Argentina:
Forensic medicine plays a crucial role in legal investigations, particularly in determining causes of death and assessing injuries. Forensic doctors, often pathologists, conduct post-mortem examinations (autopsies) to ascertain the cause of death, especially in cases not involving natural causes. These examinations may include histopathology and toxicology studies, with reports typically taking between 40 days and 12 months to be finalized, depending on the resources of the mortuary.
Regulation of Medical Practice:
The National Medical Practice Law No. 17.132 governs medical practices in Argentina. This law prohibits healthcare professionals from accepting benefits from pharmaceutical companies or laboratories. Violations can result in sanctions such as warnings, fines, suspension of medical licenses, or closure of medical facilities.
Role of Forensic Experts:
Forensic experts, including medical doctors and odontologists, assist the judiciary by providing specialized knowledge in legal matters. Their duties include determining the cause and manner of death, especially in violent cases, and aiding in the administration of justice by clarifying medico-biological phenomena. However, the incorporation of expert dentists into medico-legal institutes or departments is an area identified for further development.
Historical Contributions:
Dr. Nerio Rojas (1890–1971) was a prominent Argentine psychiatrist and legal physician. He served as a professor of legal medicine at the University of Buenos Aires and held various significant positions, including presidency of the Academy of Medicine. His contributions led to the establishment of March 7 as the National Day of the Legal Physician in Argentina.
Professional Development and Regulation:
The Argentine Medical Association (AMA) oversees the registration and regulation of medical experts. In 2006, the AMA initiated a process to register medical experts to ensure their qualifications meet judicial requirements. This process involves verifying professional experience, ethical standards, and relevant certifications.
In summary, Argentina's medico-legal framework is characterized by a structured approach to forensic investigations, strict regulations governing medical practice, and ongoing efforts to enhance the integration of medical expertise within the legal system.
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