Immigration Law at Iran
Iran's immigration law is relatively strict and tightly controlled by the government, primarily focusing on security, religious considerations, and political concerns. The key authority overseeing immigration is the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, while entry, stay, and exit are regulated through various laws and decrees.
Key Aspects of Immigration Law in Iran:
1. Types of Visas
Iran issues several types of visas, including:
Tourist Visa: For leisure travel. Typically valid for 30 days, extendable.
Business Visa: For commercial or business activities, usually sponsored by an Iranian company.
Student Visa: Issued to foreigners studying at Iranian institutions.
Work Visa: Requires a job offer and employer sponsorship; subject to approval by the Ministry of Labor.
Transit Visa: For travelers passing through Iran.
Family/Spouse Visa: For foreign spouses or children of Iranian citizens.
2. Residence Permits
Foreigners wishing to stay longer in Iran must apply for a residence permit (commonly through the Police Department of Foreign Nationals).
Residency is generally short-term unless married to an Iranian citizen or having other strong ties.
Permanent residency is rare and typically granted only in special circumstances.
3. Work Permits
A work permit is mandatory for foreign nationals working in Iran.
Employers must apply through the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labour and Social Welfare.
Only certain professions and sectors may employ foreign workers, depending on national needs.
4. Citizenship and Naturalization
Iran does not allow dual citizenship.
Citizenship by birth is only granted if the father is Iranian (matrilineal descent doesn't count by default).
Foreigners can apply for Iranian citizenship after 5+ years of legal residence, but approval is discretionary and very rare.
5. Deportation and Restrictions
Overstaying, illegal entry, or any activities deemed politically sensitive can result in deportation or detention.
Iran also restricts entry to citizens from certain countries, especially if they have Israeli stamps or ties.
6. Special Cases
Refugees: Iran hosts large refugee populations (especially from Afghanistan), but their legal status is highly regulated.
Religious Pilgrimage: Visas are issued for religious purposes like visiting holy sites in Qom or Mashhad.
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