Judgment Reviews Law at Greece
In Greece, the legal framework for challenging court judgments is structured to provide avenues for appeals and enforcement disputes, ensuring that individuals have mechanisms to contest decisions they believe to be erroneous or unjust.
⚖️ Court Structure
Greece's judiciary comprises:
First-Instance Courts: Handle civil and criminal cases at the initial level.
Appellate Courts: Review decisions from first-instance courts.
Supreme Civil and Criminal Court of Greece (Areios Pagos): The highest court for civil and criminal matters. Its decisions are final, but in cases of legal violations, it can order a rehearing by a lower court.
Special Highest Court: Addresses constitutional and electoral disputes. Its decisions are binding on all other courts.
🧾 Appeal Process
Ordinary Appeals: Parties can appeal decisions from first-instance courts to appellate courts
Cassation Appeals: The Supreme Civil and Criminal Court hears cassation appeals, focusing on legal issues rather than factual determinations
🧾 Enforcement of Foreign Judgments
Greece recognizes and enforces foreign judgments under various framework:
European Union Regulations Under the Recast Brussels Regulation (EU Regulation 1215/2012), judgments from E member states are automatically recognized and enforceable in Greece without the need for a separate procedure.
Bilateral Treaties and Domestic Legislation For judgments from non-EU countries, enforcement is possible under the Greek Code of Civil Procedure (Articles 904–905), provided certain conditions are met, such as reciprocity and respect for Greek public policy
2019 Hague Convention Effective from 1 September 2023, Greece applies the 2019 Hague Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matter. This convention establishes uniform rules for recognizing and enforcing judgments between contracting state.
🧾 Special Judicial Mechanism
Beyond the standard court system, Greece has established specialized judicial bodis:
*Special Highest Court: Resolves constitutional and electoral disputs Its decisions are binding on all other cours.
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