Labour Court as a special tribunal
1. Jayanti Ishwarbhai Parmar v. Sabbir Mohammed Zubair (Gujarat High Court)
In this case, the Gujarat High Court clarified the scope of Labour Courts under Section 33(C)(2) of the Industrial Disputes Act. The court held that Labour Courts can only enforce pre-existing rights and cannot adjudicate on new claims. This decision emphasizes the limited jurisdiction of Labour Courts, highlighting their role in executing existing entitlements rather than determining new disputes.
2. Bharat Forge Co. Ltd. v. Uttam Manohar Nakate (Supreme Court)
This landmark case addressed the dismissal of an employee for habitual absenteeism. The Supreme Court upheld the dismissal, reinforcing the authority of employers to terminate employees for misconduct, provided the procedure complies with legal standards. The case underscores the Labour Court's role in reviewing such decisions to ensure fairness and adherence to statutory provisions.
3. Surendra Dasariya & Ashish Gaikwad v. Agrofab Machineries (Nagpur Bench of Bombay High Court)
The Nagpur Bench ruled that retrenched employees cannot be compelled to deposit retrenchment compensation as a prerequisite for challenging their termination. This judgment highlights the Labour Court's authority to entertain disputes without imposing financial barriers on workers seeking justice.
4. Sanjay Singh v. Central Public Works Department (Uttarakhand High Court)
In this case, the Uttarakhand High Court upheld a tribunal's decision favoring contractual workers employed by the CPWD. The court recognized the workers' de facto employment status despite being hired through a contractor, affirming their rights to benefits and protection under labor laws.
5. Rajsthan SRTC v. Bal Mukund Bairwa (Supreme Court)
The Supreme Court ruled that even when the jurisdiction of a civil court is sought to be barred under a statute, the civil court can exercise its jurisdiction in respect of some matters, particularly when the statutory authority or tribunal acts without jurisdiction. This decision delineates the boundaries between Labour Courts and civil courts, ensuring that workers' rights are not compromised due to jurisdictional constraints.
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