IPC Section 59
🔷 IPC Section 59 – Use of force to prevent offence
🧾 Text of Section 59 IPC:
"Nothing which is not intended to cause death, or grievous hurt, is an offence by reason of any harm which it may cause to any person who is suffering under any consent given by that person, or by law to take risk of harm or of death, in doing a lawful act."
📘 Explanation in Simple Terms:
Section 59 basically says that if a person causes some harm unintentionally (which is not meant to cause death or serious injury) while performing a lawful act, and the harmed person had consented to it or was legally expected to take the risk, then it is not considered an offence.
🔍 Key Elements of Section 59:
No intention to cause death or grievous hurt: The harm caused must be unintentional and not serious.
Consent or lawful risk: The person suffering harm either consented to the risk or is legally supposed to accept it (for example, during a surgery or a sports activity).
Harm caused during lawful act: The act causing harm must be lawful.
🧑⚖️ Illustration (Example):
A surgeon operates on a patient with the patient’s consent. If the surgery causes some unintended injury (not death or serious harm), the surgeon is not committing an offence.
In a contact sport like boxing, the players consent to certain risks of injury. If a boxer gets hurt during a match, it’s not an offence because the harm is part of the lawful act with consent.
📝 Summary:
Harm caused without intention of serious injury or death.
Person harmed consented or was expected to accept the risk.
Harm occurred during a lawful act.
Such harm is not considered an offence.
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