IPC Section 390
📖 IPC Section 390 – Definition of Robbery
Section 390 defines robbery and sets the stage for understanding related offences under IPC (like Section 391, 392, etc.).
✅ What does it say?
Robbery is essentially a theft committed with violence or threat of violence.
Formally, robbery occurs when someone commits theft and, at the time of committing the theft, does any of the following acts:
Voluntarily causes or attempts to cause death or hurt to any person.
Extorts or attempts to extort property from someone by putting them in fear of death, hurt, or wrongful restraint.
Uses or threatens violence immediately before or during the theft to obtain or retain property.
✅ Key Points
Robbery vs. Theft
Theft (Section 378 IPC): Taking property dishonestly without consent.
Robbery (Section 390 IPC): Theft plus violence or threat of violence.
Violence or threat must be immediate
The threat or violence should happen at the time of committing theft.
Past or future threats do not count for robbery.
Property
Robbery can involve any movable property.
Intent
The thief must intend to use violence or intimidation to commit theft.
✅ Example Cases
Simple theft → Stealing a purse from an unattended bag → theft (Section 378/379 IPC).
Robbery → Stealing a purse and pushing the owner or threatening with a knife → robbery (Section 390 IPC).
Highway robbery → Stopping someone on the road and demanding money at gunpoint → classic robbery.
⚖️ Related Sections
Section 391 IPC – Punishment for robbery
Section 392 IPC – Robbery (more specific details about punishments)
Section 394 IPC – Robbery with hurt
✅ In short:
Section 390 IPC defines robbery as theft committed with violence or threat of violence, where the offender uses or threatens immediate harm to obtain or retain property.
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