IPC Section 181
🔹 IPC Section 181: False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence
Text of Section 181:
"Whoever, knowing that any such declaration is intended to be used, or having no reasonable ground for believing that it may be used, to the injury of a third party, makes any false statement in any declaration which is by law receivable as evidence, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
🔍 Key Points of Section 181:
What is a declaration?
A declaration here means any statement made under oath or affirmation, or any written statement which the law allows as evidence in court.
Examples: affidavits, sworn statements, or official declarations.
False Statement:
The person must knowingly make a false statement in such a declaration.
Or the person must have no reasonable ground to believe that the statement is true.
Intent or Knowledge:
The false statement is made knowing it might be used as evidence.
Or the person is reckless, having no reasonable basis to believe it's true.
The falsehood must be likely to injure a third party (someone else).
Punishment:
Imprisonment up to 2 years, or
Fine, or
Both.
⚖️ Purpose of Section 181:
To ensure that declarations used as evidence in courts are truthful and reliable.
To deter people from lying in legal declarations which could harm others.
To maintain integrity in judicial proceedings.
✅ Example:
Suppose a person files an affidavit in a court case falsely stating that they own a certain property, intending to cause harm or disadvantage to a third party. If proven, this falls under Section 181.
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