Constitutional Law at Croatia
Constitutional law in Croatia is governed primarily by the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia, which was adopted on 22 December 1990 and has been amended several times since (notably in 1997, 2000, 2001, and 2010). Here's an overview of its key features and structure:
ðŸ‡ðŸ‡· Key Aspects of Constitutional Law in Croatia
1. Supremacy of the Constitution
The Constitution is the highest legal act in the country.
All laws and acts must be in accordance with it.
2. Separation of Powers
Legislative: Croatian Parliament (Sabor) — unicameral, directly elected.
Executive: President (head of state) and Government (headed by the Prime Minister).
Judicial: Independent courts, with the Constitutional Court playing a key role.
3. Constitutional Court
An independent body with 13 judges appointed for 8-year terms.
Reviews the constitutionality of laws and regulations.
Protects constitutional rights and freedoms.
Can annul laws that violate the Constitution.
Also decides on disputes between government branches.
4. Human Rights and Freedoms
The Constitution guarantees a broad range of civil, political, social, and economic rights.
Aligned with European Convention on Human Rights and EU standards.
5. Democratic Principles
Croatia is a unitary democratic republic.
Elections are free and fair, based on universal suffrage.
Local self-government is also constitutionally protected.
6. EU Membership and International Law
Since joining the EU in 2013, EU law takes precedence in areas of shared competence.
International treaties, once ratified, are part of the internal legal order and can override domestic laws.
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