Pennsylvania Constitution Article I.
Article I of the Pennsylvania Constitution is titled "Declaration of Rights." It outlines the fundamental rights and liberties guaranteed to all citizens of Pennsylvania, much like the U.S. Bill of Rights.
📜 Overview of Article I – Declaration of Rights:
This article contains over 28 sections and affirms key civil liberties such as:
🔑 Key Sections Include:
Section 1 – Inherent Rights of Mankind
All people are born equally free and independent, and they have certain inherent rights—such as enjoying life and liberty, acquiring property, and seeking happiness.
Section 2 – Political Powers
All political power is vested in the people and derived from them.
Section 3 – Religious Freedom
Guarantees freedom of worship and states that no one can be compelled to attend or support any religious institution against their will.
Section 4 – No Preference of Religion by Government
Ensures the government does not show preference to any religious establishment.
Section 5 – Elections
Elections must be free and equal.
Section 6 – Trial by Jury
The right to a jury trial remains inviolate.
Section 7 – Freedom of Press and Speech
Protects freedom of speech and the press.
Section 8 – Security from Searches and Seizures
Ensures protection against unreasonable searches and seizures; warrants must be supported by oath and describe the place and things/persons to be seized.
Section 9 – Rights of the Accused
Guarantees due process rights for criminal defendants.
Section 26 – No Discrimination by Commonwealth or Political Subdivisions
Prohibits denial of civil rights based on race, color, creed, or ethnicity.
📘 Interpretation:
The Pennsylvania Declaration of Rights offers broader protections in some areas compared to the U.S. Constitution. Pennsylvania courts often interpret these rights more expansively, especially concerning privacy and individual liberties.
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