Maryland Constitution Article XIII - New Counties
Maryland Constitution – Article XIII: New Counties
Overview:
Article XIII of the Maryland Constitution governs the creation of new counties within the state and the modification of county boundaries. It sets the rules for dividing existing counties or forming new ones, ensuring that such changes reflect the will of the people and follow specific legal procedures.
Key Provisions:
Minimum Land and Population Requirements:
A new county cannot be created unless it contains:
At least 400 square miles, and
At least 25,000 inhabitants.
Referendum Requirement:
A majority vote of the legal voters residing in the area of the proposed new county is required.
The vote must occur only after the General Assembly has passed a law enabling such a division.
No County Division Without Consent:
An existing county cannot be divided without the consent of a majority of the voters in the portion proposed to be separated.
Adjusting County Lines:
The General Assembly has the authority to alter county lines, but only with the consent of the voters in the affected areas.
Purpose and Significance:
Ensures that any changes to county boundaries or the creation of new counties are done democratically, with strong local support.
Prevents the arbitrary division or creation of counties without meeting geographic and population thresholds.
Reflects a balance between state legislative authority and local self-determination.
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