Washington Constitution Article IV - The Judiciary
Washington Constitution – Article IV: The Judiciary
Article IV of the Washington State Constitution establishes the Judicial Department, outlining the structure, powers, and functions of the state's judicial branch. Here's a summary of its key provisions:
1. Judicial Power
The judicial power of the state is vested in:
The Supreme Court
The Court of Appeals
The Superior Courts
Any inferior courts the Legislature may establish
2. Supreme Court
Consists of nine judges (justices) elected for six-year terms.
It is the court of last resort in Washington.
Has appellate jurisdiction and original jurisdiction in certain cases (e.g., writs like mandamus and habeas corpus).
It supervises the legal profession and court procedures.
3. Court of Appeals
Created by legislative action.
Handles intermediate appeals from the Superior Courts.
Judges are elected for six-year terms.
4. Superior Courts
Exist in each county or group of counties (judicial districts).
Handle civil, criminal, probate, juvenile, and family law matters.
Judges are elected for four-year terms.
5. Judicial Elections and Terms
Judges of all courts are elected by the public in nonpartisan elections.
Vacancies are filled by the Governor, but the appointee must stand for election in the next general election.
6. Qualifications
Justices and judges must be admitted to practice law in Washington.
Additional qualifications (like years of experience) may be set by law.
7. Impeachment and Discipline
Judges can be impeached by the House of Representatives and tried by the Senate.
A Judicial Conduct Commission exists to investigate complaints and recommend discipline.
8. Salaries and Retirement
Judicial salaries are fixed by law and cannot be reduced during a judge's term.
Provisions exist for judicial retirement and removal due to disability.
9. Rules and Procedures
The Supreme Court may adopt rules of practice and procedure for all courts.
The Legislature can regulate jurisdiction and establish lower courts.
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