Maryland Constitution Article XI - City of Baltimore
Here is a summary of Article XI – City of Baltimore of the Maryland Constitution:
Maryland Constitution – Article XI: City of Baltimore
Purpose:
Article XI deals exclusively with the governance, powers, and legal framework surrounding the City of Baltimore, granting it unique authority as a municipal corporation within the state of Maryland.
Key Provisions:
Section 1 – Corporate Status
Baltimore is recognized as a municipal corporation.
The Mayor and City Council of Baltimore continue to exist as the governing body of the city.
Section 2 – Charter Powers
The General Assembly has the power to authorize Baltimore City to amend its charter and pass local laws on matters relating to its governance.
Section 3 – Debt Limitations
Baltimore City may not incur debt exceeding a certain percentage of the assessed value of taxable property, unless approved by:
Two-thirds of the City Council, and
A majority vote by city voters in a referendum.
Section 4 – Special Laws
The General Assembly cannot pass special laws that apply only to Baltimore City; instead, the city must govern itself under its charter and general laws.
Section 5 – Control Over Local Matters
Baltimore City has broad home rule powers, enabling it to govern local issues such as:
Zoning
Local taxation
Police powers
Public services
Section 6 – Transition Provisions
Provides for continuity of government and legal processes when changes are made to the city's structure or laws.
Key Concepts:
Home Rule: Baltimore has the authority to govern its internal affairs without needing the Maryland General Assembly to legislate on local matters.
Fiscal Responsibility: Strict limits and oversight are imposed on how the city can borrow money.
Autonomy: This Article ensures local self-governance and restricts the state legislature from interfering directly in Baltimore’s municipal matters.
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